Question Breakdown
This question revolves around two key themes: first, identifying the core moral values prescribed by Deen-i-Islam (Islamic way of life), and second, evaluating whether these values can be altered or adapted in light of the Western ethical framework. The examiner expects the candidate to describe Islamic moral values, such as honesty, justice, modesty, truthfulness, and compassion, with reference to the Qur’an and Sunnah. Furthermore, the candidate is required to critically assess whether these divine values can or should be modified to match secular, evolving Western norms. A balanced, well-reasoned answer rooted in Islamic sources is expected, with an awareness of contemporary challenges.
Outline
1-Introduction
2-Definition of Moral Values in Deen-i-Islam
3-Core Moral Values in Islam
4-Purpose and Permanence of Islamic Moral Code
- Derived from the Qur’an and Sunnah
- Not subject to cultural relativism
- Moral compass for all times
5-Understanding the Western Ethical System
- Secular, evolving, and human-centric ethics
- Individualism and liberalism
- Moral relativism
6-Can Islamic Moral Values Be Changed?
- No, due to divine origin and universal nature
- Islamic ethics are absolute; Western ethics are relative
- Changing Islamic values would undermine the foundations of faith
7-Points of Convergence and Conflict
- Similarities: justice, charity, human dignity
- Differences: modesty, family structure, gender roles, LGBTQ+ issues
8-Islamic Response to Modern Ethical Challenges
- Ijtihad for application, not alteration
- Role of scholars in engaging contemporary issues
- Islamic ethics as a solution, not an obstacle
9-Conclusion
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Answer to the Question
Introduction
Morality forms the bedrock of any civilisation, but in Islam, it is not merely a social construct; it is a divine command. The Deen-i-Islam does not separate personal behavior from religious belief. It offers a holistic code of life where ethical conduct is both an individual duty and a societal obligation. Unlike secular Western ethics, which are rooted in human experience and are subject to change, Islamic moral values are based on revelation and thus possess eternal relevance. This raises a critical question: can these immutable values be modified to align with the constantly shifting Western ethical framework?
Definition of Moral Values in Deen-i-Islam
Islamic morality is derived from the Qur’an, the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the consensus of scholars. It governs the relationship of a believer with Allah, with fellow human beings, and with society at large. Morality in Islam is not subject to trends or public opinion; it is anchored in divine revelation. As the Qur’an says, “Indeed, this Qur’an guides to that which is most upright…” (Surah Al-Isra, 17:9). This guidance includes a well-defined system of virtues and prohibitions meant to purify the soul and build a just society.
Core Moral Values in Islam
- Truthfulness (Sidq)
Truthfulness is a pillar of faith. The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Truthfulness leads to righteousness, and righteousness leads to Paradise.” (Sahih al-Bukhari) A truthful person is beloved to Allah and is a cornerstone of trust in society.
- Justice (Adl)
Justice is a recurring theme in the Qur’an. Allah commands, “Indeed, Allah commands justice, good conduct, and giving to relatives…” (Surah An-Nahl, 16:90). Islamic justice transcends personal, tribal, or political interests. It applies to rulers and the ruled alike.
- Compassion and Mercy (Rahmah)
The Prophet (PBUH) was described as “a mercy to all the worlds.” (Surah Al-Anbiya, 21:107) Islam promotes kindness to humans, animals, and nature. Acts of compassion are seen as acts of worship.
- Modesty (Haya)
The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Every religion has a distinct characteristic, and the characteristic of Islam is modesty.” (Sunan Ibn Majah). This value regulates attire, speech, and interactions in public and private life.
- Trustworthiness (Amanah)
The Qur’an instructs believers to “render trusts to whom they are due” (Surah An-Nisa, 4:58). A Muslim is expected to be reliable in both personal and professional matters.
- Accountability (Mas’ooliyah)
Islam teaches that every individual is accountable before Allah. The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Every one of you is a shepherd, and every one of you is responsible for his flock.” (Sahih al-Bukhari)
- Patience and Gratitude (Sabr & Shukr)
These twin virtues help a Muslim remain steadfast in adversity and humble in prosperity. They build spiritual resilience and moral stability.
Purpose and Permanence of Islamic Moral Code
Islamic ethics are not abstract ideals but actionable principles derived from revelation. Their purpose is to establish a society based on justice, peace, and God-consciousness. Since they originate from Allah, they are not subject to reinterpretation based on temporal cultural shifts. As Allah declares, “Today I have perfected your religion for you…” (Surah Al-Ma’idah, 5:3)
Understanding the Western Ethical System
In contrast, Western moral philosophy is shaped by secularism, liberalism, and individualism. Moral values are often determined by public opinion, social consensus, or utility. The Western model tends to evolve with societal changes; what was considered immoral a century ago may now be celebrated. It promotes moral relativism, where right and wrong are subjective.
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Can Islamic Moral Values Be Changed?
The answer is a resounding no. Islamic moral values are part of a divine system. Changing them to suit modern Western ideals would undermine the universality and sanctity of the faith. While Islam encourages dialogue and understanding, it does not allow its foundational principles to be diluted.
Points of Convergence and Conflict
There are overlapping values: both systems advocate for justice, charity, and human dignity. However, they differ sharply on key issues, such as the permissibility of same-sex marriage, gender roles, and modesty. Islam maintains that moral authority comes from divine guidance, not human preference.
Islamic Response to Modern Ethical Challenges
Islam does not reject modernity but approaches it with Ijtihad, an intellectual effort to apply divine laws to new situations. However, this does not mean changing core values. Scholars must reinterpret applications while preserving original principles.
Conclusion
The Deen-i-Islam offers a moral system that is timeless, holistic, and divine. In a world of shifting values, Islamic ethics serve as a stable compass. They cannot and should not be altered to mirror Western moral relativism. Instead, Muslims must hold fast to their values while contributing positively to global ethical debates with confidence and clarity.
