Pakistan Affairs

An in-depth analysis by Zumar Shakeel tracing the evolution of Pakistan's ideological foundations from Jinnah's inclusive vision to the rise of extremism. This article explores the impact of political expediency, civil-military dynamics, and geopolitical shifts on national identity, governance, and foreign policy.

A critical analysis of Allama Muhammad Iqbal's role as the ideological architect of Pakistan, covering his philosophy of Khudi, his vision for a separate state, and his profound influence on Muslim nationalism and the Pakistan Movement.

A comparative analysis of the Nehru Report (1928) and Jinnah’s 14 Points (1929), detailing their conflicting constitutional proposals on federalism, electorates, and minority rights, and their pivotal impact on the path to India’s partition.

An in-depth exploration of the intricate relationship between secularism and Islamic ideology in Pakistan, tracing its historical evolution from the foundations laid by the Two-Nation Theory and the visions of the founding fathers to the ongoing constitutional interpretations and ideological debates shaping the nation's identity. This article critically examines how Pakistan has navigated its dual commitment to Islamic principles and democratic governance amid shifting political, legal, and social landscapes.

An enlightening exploration into the untold stories of courageous women who challenged societal norms and played pivotal roles in shaping the struggle for India’s independence. From early female activists and freedom fighters to influential pioneers in the Pakistan Movement, this article uncovers their profound sacrifices, political leadership, and legacy in redefining the subcontinent’s destiny.

A scholarly examination of the 1946 Cabinet Mission Plan, highlighting its core proposals, the reasons behind its rejection by the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League, and the far-reaching consequences that catalyzed the eventual partition of British India. This article analyzes the constitutional framework proposed by the British, the political aspirations of Indian communities, and the leadership dynamics that shaped the subcontinent's destiny.

Discover the monumental challenges Pakistan faced at its 1947 birth, from refugee crises to economic instability, and the resolute strategies employed by its founders to build a nation from chaos.

A comprehensive exploration of the Muslim nationalist movement from 1930 to 1947, highlighting the ideological, political, and constitutional milestones that led to the creation of Pakistan. This article critically evaluates the role of the Muslim League, key resolutions, leadership, and transformative events in the historical quest for Muslim identity and nationhood in South Asia.

Explore how the Two-Nation Theory evolved from early Muslim identity to Pakistan’s creation. Analyze key roles of Ulema, Sufis, Iqbal, Jinnah, and historical events.

Explore the historical context and profound significance of the Lahore Resolution of 1940, which laid the foundation for the creation of Pakistan. Understand how centuries of Muslim rule, British colonial policies, and Hindu-Muslim political dynamics shaped the demand for a separate Muslim homeland.

Explore Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah's comprehensive vision for Pakistan: a democratic, inclusive, economically prosperous, and unified nation. This analysis delves into his ideals, their implementation challenges, and enduring relevance for contemporary Pakistan.

Explore the Government of India Act 1935, one of British India's most comprehensive constitutional reforms. This detailed article analyzes its background, key provisions, federal structure, provincial autonomy, and its lasting impact on the political future of India and Pakistan.

Explore how the Two-Nation Theory evolved through centuries of Islamic scholarship and colonial politics to become the ideological foundation of Pakistan, with key contributions from Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Iqbal, and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Explore how Sir Syed Ahmad Khan spearheaded the intellectual and educational revival of Indian Muslims after the 1857 revolt. Learn about his educational reforms, socio-religious initiatives, political guidance, and the long-term impact of the Aligarh Movement.

Explore the pivotal educational movements of Deoband, Aligarh, and Nadwa that shaped Muslim awakening in the Indian Subcontinent. Learn about their distinct philosophies, curricula, and lasting impact on identity, education, and politics amidst colonial rule.

Explore Syed Ahmed Barelvi's 19th-century Jihad Movement in Muslim India, a reform effort combining religious purification with armed struggle against Sikh rule for Islamic revival.

Explore the profound and multifaceted impact of the Faraizi Movement, a pivotal 19th-century reform movement in Bengal, delving into its comprehensive background, religious and socio-economic strategies, organizational structure, internal weaknesses, external challenges, and its enduring legacy on Muslim society in British India.

An in-depth analysis of the crisis that engulfed Muslim India in the 18th and 19th centuries, highlighting the collapse of imperial power and social decline alongside the emergence of transformative reform movements. Centered on Shah Waliullah’s visionary efforts, the article explores how his comprehensive revivalist agenda sought to address religious, political, and societal challenges, laying the groundwork for a renewed Muslim identity and long-term reform across the subcontinent.

A richly detailed examination of the political evolution of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent, tracing their journey from early dominance under Islamic rule through Mughal ascendancy, colonial decline, and ultimately to the assertive nationalism that culminated in the demand for Pakistan. This article analyzes how shifting religious, socio-economic, and imperial dynamics shaped a complex and transformative political consciousness over a thousand years.

A detailed historical analysis of British constitutional reforms in the Indian subcontinent (1773-1947), covering key acts, their provisions, impact on governance, Indian nationalism, and the path to independence and partition.